英文論文行為科學(xué)中對(duì)建筑與態(tài)度學(xué)術(shù)

　　在建筑學(xué)和環(huán)境心理學(xué)當(dāng)中，建成環(huán)境是指為包括大型城市環(huán)境在內(nèi)的人類活動(dòng)而提供的人造環(huán)境。本英文論文作者認(rèn)為“環(huán)境”不僅僅是建筑物和風(fēng)景地貌，更是涉及物理、社會(huì)、心理學(xué)各個(gè)維度的寬泛概念。社會(huì)態(tài)度與建成環(huán)境之間存在著相互作用，學(xué)術(shù)研究需要去更多的理解關(guān)注行為科學(xué)與建筑問題二者。《世界建筑》本著借鑒西方經(jīng)驗(yàn)，了解世界建筑發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，挖掘普遍規(guī)律，探索我國(guó)建筑創(chuàng)作之路的宗旨，源源不斷地介紹國(guó)外建筑的新思想、新理論、新作品和新技術(shù)，為促進(jìn)中國(guó)對(duì)世界其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)建筑的認(rèn)識(shí)和研究，繁榮我國(guó)建筑創(chuàng)作，做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。隨著我國(guó)改革開放的不斷深入和中國(guó)建筑的巨大變化，《世界建筑》順應(yīng)潮流，把關(guān)注的目光也更多地投入到了中國(guó)建筑，給《世界建筑》注入了新的活力。

　　當(dāng)前有很多可用于研究行為科學(xué)和建筑學(xué)理論的資源。大多數(shù)研究都集中于建成環(huán)境所帶來(lái)的設(shè)計(jì)、美學(xué)、社會(huì)互動(dòng)以及社會(huì)組織。當(dāng)提到“建成環(huán)境”這一概念的時(shí)候，我主要是指的建筑物與風(fēng)景地貌。至于“環(huán)境”這個(gè)單獨(dú)的概念，我認(rèn)為是一個(gè)更加寬泛的概念，它涉及到了我們周邊環(huán)境的物理的、社會(huì)的以及心理學(xué)各個(gè)維度。令人驚奇的是，學(xué)者們對(duì)有關(guān)建成環(huán)境的再利用如何影響社會(huì)態(tài)度的問題探討的卻少之又少，這個(gè)問題與行為科學(xué)中一個(gè)分支——社會(huì)心理學(xué)緊密相關(guān)。態(tài)度學(xué)是社會(huì)心理學(xué)研究中的重要研究領(lǐng)域;這里研究的態(tài)度通常是針對(duì)現(xiàn)有的事物(比如議題，人和結(jié)構(gòu))。建筑物研究領(lǐng)域與社會(huì)心理學(xué)密切相關(guān)。建筑家和其他專業(yè)人員一定要理解下面這些問題的重要性：設(shè)施的再利用如何對(duì)人們態(tài)度的變化發(fā)展產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的影響，而態(tài)度又是如何隨著與建成環(huán)境的互動(dòng)來(lái)改變的。去理解社會(huì)態(tài)度對(duì)于正在投資或者使用某一項(xiàng)目工程的企業(yè)實(shí)體的影響同樣重要。當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)研究往往集中在設(shè)計(jì)或設(shè)計(jì)過程的互動(dòng)，而對(duì)行為科學(xué)跟建筑問題的探討卻少有建樹。

　　There are a variety of resources available to learn about behavior Sciences and architectural theories. Many of the studies focus on reaction to design, aesthetics, social interaction and social organization as a result of the built environment. When referring to the built environment I am generally speaking about buildings and landscapes. With reference to the term ‘environment’ alone, I am referring to a much broader context, one that involves the physical, social and psychological dimensions of our surrounding. Surprisingly, there is little investigation on how the reuse of the built environment can influence social attitude, a topic associated with the study of social psychology a part of behavioral sciences. Attitude is a major research area within social psychology; attitudes are usually directed toward existing objects (e.g., issues, people, and structures). The field of architecture closely relates to social psychology. It is important for architects and other professionals to understand how reuse of a facility may have a strong presence in the development of human attitude, and how attitudes change with interaction of the built environment. It is equally important to understand the affect of social attitude on the business entity, which is funding or using the project. The current studies of behavior sciences and architecture provide little insight to this topic but instead focus on the interactions to design or the design process.

　　Attitude change caused by adaptive reuse may have many outcomes. The reuse of industrial buildings may have an impact on the perception of the auto industry, the community in which it exists and a deeper impact on the ‘environment’. Detroit, Michigan is an area rich with historical data on the rise and fall of industrialism in urban areas with an emphasis on the auto industry. Historical research is important to understand the social impact of industrial buildings that have been abandoned. It is my belief that many of the industrial buildings the auto industry abandoned can be adapted for new use as research and design facilities, educational centers with tourism or training facilities that retool workers with new sustainable technology driving the future. My questions on the social impact of adaptive reuse require a deeper understanding of the architecture, environment and sciences. Can the practice of sustainable, adaptive reuse of industrial building potentially alter the social and organizational complexity of a company then the outcomes should be known so that they are more openly embraced by corporations, governments and private owners as a more favorable means of architecture. An important aspect to consider is whether there is a correlation between historical preservation and a generalized perception of a brand ple’s minds. Research uncovered with the auto industry could reflect the transferability of this theory into mainstream acceptance.

　　The research of social phenomenon regarding adaptive reuse of industrial structures deals with a range of complex subject matter. I have found that there are numerous publications and sources of information to research historical data on abandoned structures. Many sources in the literature emphasis that sprawl and its effects are a contributing factor. The effects of sprawl are both physical and abstract. Burchell, Downs, McCann & Mukherji (2005) and Chavan, Peralta & Steins (2007) are authors which have written about sprawl and complex issues that building owners, communities, architects and developers might experience during an adaptive use development project. Burchell “et al.” talks about the different “Cost” of sprawl, defining cost as an impact on resource conservation, planned growth, economic growth and market sense. Chavan “et al.” look at a range of topics that struggling urban cities face in the pursuit of land use, planning and urban design. Both pieces of literature acknowledge that sprawl has an effect on the sense of place, but they don’t discuss specifics of industrial architecture beyond the ideas that sustainable, adaptive reuse is a form of preservation or vague ideas about its contribution to the growth of ‘community’. The literature regarding sprawl I reviewed did not mention social attitude or social change in relation to the business entities that pursued adaptive reuse. This is a weakness that shouldn’t be overlooked. Adaptive reuse may help grow the community is ways but unless the primary stakeholders realize potential in the developments for there businesses they will be less inclined to pursue it as an option.

　　The concepts that form sprawl and the historic backgrounds of industrial structures do add value to the research, but equally if not more important is the literature involved in the research of behavioral sciences. Much of the existing research in behavioral sciences about architecture relates to the individual rather the masses, or at times it references group patterns that evolve from specific architecture (e.g., plazas, physical design, and parks). In sociology, however “there has been very little consideration of the built environment as a component in group process” (Lang, 1987 p.21). To understand how the physical environment affects behavior sciences dealing with adaptive reuse of industrial automotive facilities both industrial structures and their history are necessary to understand the social history and ‘spirit-of-place’ engaged with industrial structures and ownership. The literature involved in the proposed research seems divided by invisible boundaries. In reductionist fashion, each of the areas mentioned have been studied separate in some degree. I feel we need to break down the barriers and form a connection between them. When reviewed, the whole is greater than the sum of its sum parts. This concept is widely associated with the Gestalt Laws. “Because architecture is a composition of all the human senses, achieving a true design balance is a simple, yet complex, endeavor” (Lorena, 2008). By adopting laws like the Gestalt Principles into our archit

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